Long Term Implications of Tongue Tie in Infants

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• Disrupted sleep, tiredness, snoring and mouth breathing -
  Short Lingual Frenulum and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children, Yu-Shu Huang , Stacey Quo , J Andrew Berkowski and Christian Guilleminault, 2015
   

• Difficulty chewing firm foods and swallowing. Solid foods may cause your child to cough or gag due to limited tongue movement -
  Ankyloglossia: incidence and associated feeding difficulties, A H Messner , M L Lalakea, J Aby, J Macmahon, E Bair, 2000
   

• Delayed speech development due to the tongue movement being restricted. This can lead to further issues such as self esteem and other psychological ramifications - Ankyloglossia with psychological implications, N Ketty, P A Sciullo,
   

• Possibility of altered dental development such as a high palate and narrow facial structure
   

• Poor dental hygiene. Tongue tie can mean that the tonue is not able to move fully to around the mouth and circulate saliva -
  Clinical Guidelines and Management of Ankyloglossia with 1-Year Followup: Report of 3 Cases - Mayur S. Bhattad,M. S. Baliga,and Ritika Kriplani, 2013
   

• Reflux and other digestive problems -
  Aerophagia Induced Reflux in Breastfeeding Infants With Ankyloglossia and Shortened Maxillary Labial Frenula (Tongue and Lip Tie), Scott A. Siegel
   

• Increased gassiness and bloating issues, due to the child unable to regulate oxygen intake - 
  Clinical Guidelines and Management of Ankyloglossia with 1-Year Followup: Report of 3 Cases - Mayur S. Bhattad,M. S. Baliga,and Ritika Kriplani, 2013

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Additional Research

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• Ankyloglossia: are you paying attention, Burkhart, N.W. 2015
   

• Ankyloglossia, In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Becker, S., & Mendez, M. D. 2022
   

• Association of feeding evaluation with frenectomy in infants with breastfeeding difficulties, JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., Caloway C, Hersh CJ, Baars R, Sally S., Diercks, G., HartnickCJ. 2019
   

• Characteristics and considerations for children with ankyloglossia undergoing frenulectomy for dysphagia and aspiration, American Journal of Otolaryngology, 102393, Buck, L. S., Frey, H., Davis, M., Robbins, M., Spankovich, C.,Narisetty, V., & Carron, J. D. 2020
   

• Correlations between different lingual frenulums and speech disorders. Revista do Disturbios da Comunicação. Marchesan IQ, Teixeira AD, Cattoni DM. [Brazilian]
   

• Does neonatal ankyloglossia interfere in the growth of infants during the first 6 months of life? A case series nested in a cohort study, Journal of medical case reports, 16(1), 394, Batista, C., & Pereira, A. 2022
   

• Demystifying tongue tie, methods to confidently analyze and treat a tethered tongue, Boshart, C. (2015), Ellijay, GA:Speech Dynamics Inc.
   

• Effects of oral screen exercise on orofacial and pharyngeal activity: An exploratory study using videofluoroscopy and surface electromyography in healthy adults, Clinical and experimental dental research, 8(2), 519–528, Bengtsson, L., Dotevall, H., Sjögreen, L., Ragnemalm, L., & Tuomi, L. 2022
   

• Effect of Lingual Frenotomy on Tongue and Lip Rest Position: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial, Roberta Lopes Castro Martinelli, Irene Queiroz Marchesan, Reinaldo Jordão Gusmão, Giédre Berretin-Felix, Dec 2020

• Functional improvements of speech, feeding, and sleep after lingual frenectomy tongue- tie release:A prospective cohort study, Baxter, R., Merkel-Walsh, R., Baxter, B. S., Lashley, A., & Rendell, N. R. 2020
   

• Guidelines on management considerations fropediatric oral surgery and oral pathology. Clinical PracticeGuidelines, 279-288. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) Council on Clinical Affairs 2015
   

• Geometric model to predict improvement after lingual frenulectomy for ankyloglossia, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 134, Briddell, J.W., Vandjelovic, N.D., Fromen, C.A., Peterman, E.L.& Reilly, J.S. 2020
   

• Identification and characterization of KLHL4, a novel human homologue of the Drosophila Kelch gene that maps within the Xlinked cleft palate and ankyloglossia (CPX) critical region, Braybrook, C., Warry, G., Howell, G., Arnason, A., Bjornsson,A., Moore, G. E.,Ross, M. T. and Stanier, P. 2001, Genomics, vol. 72, no.2
   

• The Lactation Counselor Counselors Course Notebook, 2016-2017, East Sandwich, Massachusetts, Healthy Children Project, Inc, Cadwell, K., & Turner-Maffei, C. 2016
   

• Lingual Frenum: Classification and Speech Interference. Marchesan IQ.  International Journal of Orofacial Myology, 2004
   

• Lingual Frenulum: Quantitative Evaluation Proposal. Marchesan IQ. International Journal of Orofacial Myology, 2005.
   

• Management of posterior ankyloglossia and upper lip ties in a tertiary otolaryngology outpatient clinic. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 88, 13–16, Benoiton, L., Morgan, M., & Baguley, K. 2016
   

• Miofrenuloplasty for Full Functional Tongue Release in Ankyloglossia in Adults and Adolescents-Preliminary Report and Step by Step Technique Showcase, Bargiel, J., Gontarz, M., Gąsiorowski, K., Marecik, T., Szczurowski, P., Zapała, J., & Wyszyńska-Pawelec, G. 2021
   

• Objective Improvement After Frenotomy for Posterior Tongue-Tie: A Prospective Randomized Trial, Podcast OTO Journal
   

• Position of lips and tongue in rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossi, Silvia Márcia Andrade Campanha, Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli, Durval Batista Palhares, Oct 2020
   

• Post Frenotomy Massage for Ankyloglossia in Infants-Does It Improve Breastfeeding and Reduce Recurrence? Maternal and child health journal, 26(8), 1727–1731Bhandarkar, K. P., Dar, T., Karia, L., & Upadhyaya, M. 2022
   

• Posterior tongue, base of movement, and pharyngeal dysphagia: what is the connection?, Brooks, L., Landry, A., Deshpande, A., Marchica, C., Cooley, A.,& Raol, N. (2019
   

• Reliability ofthe Hazelbaker assessment tool for lingual frenulum function.International Breastfeeding Journal, Amir, L.H., James, J.P. & Donath, S.M. 2006
   

• Safety and efficacy of maxillary labial frenectomy in children: A retrospective comparative cohort study, Richard T.Baxter, Soroush Zaghi Ashley,  P.Lashley, 10 March 2022
   

• Speech and Feeding Improvements in Children After Posterior Tongue-Tie Release: A Case Series, Baxter, R., & Hughes, L. (2018), International Journal Of Clinical Pediatrics, 7(3), 29-35.
   

• Tongue-Tie. BR, Med. J.,2:1181-1182. Browne, D. (1959)
   

• TONGUE TIED, How a Tiny String  Under The Tongue Impacts Nursing, Feeding, Speech, and More, Richard Baxter, DMD, MS, et al.
   

• Tongue development in stillborns autopsied at different gestational ages. Jornal depediatria, Aguiar, L. S., Juliano, G. R., Silveira, L., Oliveira et al, 2018
   

• Tongue-and lip-tie beyond breastfeeding difficulties. Jaw Functional Orthopedics and Craniofacial Growth, Batista Borges Pereirs, M. 2022
   

• Tongue restriction questionnaire: a new screening tool to identify tongue-tied patients, Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, Baxter, R., Lashley, A. & Rendell, N.R. 2021
   

• Toward a functional definition of ankyloglossia: validating current grading scales for lingual frenulum length and tongue mobility in 1052 subjects, International journal of the science and practice of sleep medicine. Audrey Yoon, Soroush Zaghi, Rachel Weitzman, Sandy Ha, Clarice S. Law, Christian Guilleminault & Stanley Y.C. Liu. ISSN 1520-9512, Sleep Breath. 2016

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